Entities

Quick Access:

Entities are also accessed via the module, generally they are represented as an array member of the Module class. However entities that are singular like System can be accessed directly.

>>> stem.system.getBootSlot()
>>> stem.i2c[0].read(0x90, 0x02)

System

class brainstem.stem.System(module, index)[source]

Acccess system controls configuration and information.

The system entity is available on all BrainStem modules, and provides access to system information such as module, router and serial number, as well as control over the user LED, and information such as the system input voltage.

Useful Constants:

  • BOOT_SLOT_DISABLE (255)

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Analog

class brainstem.stem.Analog(module, index)[source]

The AnalogClass is the interface to analog entities on BrainStem modules.

Analog entities may be configured as a input or output depending on hardware capabilities. Some modules are capable of providing actual voltage readings, while other simply return the raw analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output value. The resolution of the voltage or number of useful bits is also hardware dependent.

Useful constants:

  • CONFIGURATION_INPUT (0)

  • CONFIGURATION_OUTPUT (1)

  • HERTZ_MINIMUM (7,000)

  • HERTZ_MAXIMUM (200,000)

  • BULK_CAPTURE_IDLE (0)

  • BULK_CAPTURE_PENDING (1)

  • BULK_CAPTURE_FINISHED (2)

  • BULK_CAPTURE_ERROR (3)

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Digital

class brainstem.stem.Digital(module, index)[source]

The DigitalClass is the interface to digital entities on BrainStem modules.

Digital entities have the following 5 possabilities: Digital Input, Digital Output, RCServo Input, RCServo Output, and HighZ. Other capabilities may be available and not all pins support all configurations. Please see the product datasheet.

Useful Constants:

  • VALUE_LOW (0)

  • VALUE_HIGH (1)

  • CONFIGURATION_INPUT (0)

  • CONFIGURATION_OUTPUT (1)

  • CONFIGURATION_RCSERVO_INPUT (2)

  • CONFIGURATION_RCSERVO_OUTPUT (3)

  • CONFIGURATION_HIGHZ (4)

  • CONFIGURATION_INPUT_PULL_UP (0)

  • CONFIGURATION_INPUT_NO_PULL (4)

  • CONFIGURATION_INPUT_PULL_DOWN (5)

  • CONFIGURATION_SIGNAL_OUTPUT (6)

  • CONFIGURATION_SIGNAL_INPUT (7)

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Digital

class brainstem.stem.Equalizer(module, index)[source]

Equalizer Class provides receiver and transmitter gain/boost/emphasis settings for some of Acroname’s products. Please see product documentation for further details.

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I2C

class brainstem.stem.I2C(module, index)[source]

The I2C class is the interface the I2C busses on BrainStem modules.

The class provides a way to send read and write commands to I2C devices on the entitie’s bus.

Useful Constants:

  • I2C_DEFAULT_SPEED (0)

  • I2C_SPEED_100Khz (1)

  • I2C_SPEED_400Khz (2)

  • I2C_SPEED_1000Khz (3)

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Mux

class brainstem.stem.Mux(module, index)[source]

Access MUX specialized entities on certain BrainStem modules.

A MUX is a multiplexer that takes one or more similar inputs (bus, connection, or signal) and allows switching to one or more outputs. An analogy would be the switchboard of a telephone operator. Calls (inputs) come in and by re-connecting the input to an output, the operator (multiplexor) can direct that input to on or more outputs.

One possible output is to not connect the input to anything which essentially disables that input’s connection to anything.

Not every MUX has multiple inputs. Some may simply be a single input that can be enabled (connected to a single output) or disabled (not connected to anything).

Useful Constants:

  • UPSTREAM_STATE_ONBOARD (0)

  • UPSTREAM_STATE_EDGE (1)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_AUTO (0)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_ONBOARD (1)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_EDGE (2)

  • DEFAULT_MODE (UPSTREAM_MODE_AUTO)

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Pointer

class brainstem.stem.Pointer(module, index)[source]

Access the reflex scratchpad from a host computer.

The Pointers access the pad which is a shared memory area on a BrainStem module. The interface allows the use of the brainstem scratchpad from the host, and provides a mechanism for allowing the host application and brainstem relexes to communicate.

The Pointer allows access to the pad in a similar manner as a file pointer accesses the underlying file. The cursor position can be set via setOffset. A read of a character short or int can be made from that cursor position. In addition the mode of the pointer can be set so that the cursor position automatically increments or set so that it does not this allows for multiple reads of the same pad value, or reads of multi-record values, via and incrementing pointer.

Useful Constants:

  • POINTER_MODE_STATIC (0)

  • POINTER_MODE_INCREMENT (1)

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Rail

class brainstem.stem.Rail(module, index)[source]

Provides power rail functionality on certain modules.

This entity is only available on certain modules. The RailClass can be used to control power to downstream devices, I has the ability to take current and voltage measurements, and depending on hardware, may have additional modes and capabilities.

Useful Constants:

  • KELVIN_SENSING_OFF (0)

  • KELVIN_SENSING_ON (1)

  • OPERATIONAL_MODE_AUTO (0)

  • OPERATIONAL_MODE_LINEAR (1)

  • OPERATIONAL_MODE_SWITCHER (2)

  • OPERATIONAL_MODE_SWITCHER_LINEAR (3)

  • DEFAULT_OPERATIONAL_MODE (OPERATIONAL_MODE_AUTO)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_INITIALIZING (0)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_ENABLED (1)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_FAULT (2)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_HARDWARE_CONFIG (8)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_LINEAR (0)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_SWITCHER (1)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_LINEAR_SWITCHER (2)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_OVER_VOLTAGE_FAULT (16)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_UNDER_VOLTAGE_FAULT (17)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_OVER_CURRENT_FAULT (18)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_OVER_POWER_FAULT (19)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_REVERSE_POLARITY_FAULT (20)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_OVER_TEMPERATURE_FAULT (21)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_OPERATING_MODE (24)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_CONSTANT_CURRENT (0)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_CONSTANT_VOLTAGE (1)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_CONSTANT_POWER (2)

  • OPERATIONAL_STATE_CONSTANT_RESISTANCE (3)

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Digital

class brainstem.stem.Signal(module, index)[source]

The Signal Class is the interface to digital pins configured to produce square wave signals.

This class is designed to allow for square waves at various frequencies and duty cycles. Control is defined by specifying the wave period as (T3Time) and the active portion of the cycle as (T2Time). See the entity overview section of the reference for more detail regarding the timiing.

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Store

class brainstem.stem.Store(module, index)[source]

Access the store on a BrainStem Module.

The store provides a flat file system on modules that have storage capacity. Files are referred to as slots and they have simple zero-based numbers for access. Store slots can be used for generalized storage and commonly contain compiled reflex code (files ending in .map) or templates used by the system. Slots simply contain bytes with no expected organization but the code or use of the slot may impose a structure.

Stores have fixed indices based on type. Not every module contains a store of each type. Consult the module datasheet for details on which specific stores are implemented, if any, and the capacities of implemented stores.

Useful Constants:

  • INTERNAL_STORE (0)

  • RAM_STORE (1)

  • SD_STORE (2)

  • EEPROM_STORE (3)

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Temperature

class brainstem.stem.Temperature(module, index)[source]

Provide interface to temperature sensor.

This entitiy is only available on certain modules, and provides a temperature reading in microcelsius.

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Timer

class brainstem.stem.Timer(module, index)[source]

Schedules events to occur at future times.

Reflex routines can be written which will be executed upon expiration of the timer entity. The timer can be set to fire only once, or to repeat at a certain interval.

Useful Constants:

  • SINGLE_SHOT_MODE (0)

  • REPEAT_MODE (1)

  • DEFAULT_MODE (SINGLE_SHOT_MODE)

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USB

class brainstem.stem.USB(module, index)[source]

USBClass provides methods to interact with a USB hub and USB switches.

Different USB hub products have varying support; check the datasheet to understand the capabilities of each product.

Useful Constants:

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_AUTO (2)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_PORT_0 (0)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_PORT_1 (1)

  • UPSTREAM_MODE_NONE (255)

  • DEFAULT_UPSTREAM_MODE (UPSTREAM_MODE_AUTO)

  • UPSTREAM_STATE_PORT_0 (0)

  • UPSTREAM_STATE_PORT_1 (1)

  • BOOST_0_PERCENT (0)

  • BOOST_4_PERCENT (1)

  • BOOST_8_PERCENT (2)

  • BOOST_12_PERCENT (3)

  • PORT_MODE_SDP (0)

  • PORT_MODE_CDP (1)

  • PORT_MODE_CHARGING (2)

  • PORT_MODE_PASSIVE (3)

  • PORT_MODE_USB2_A_ENABLE (4)

  • PORT_MODE_USB2_B_ENABLE (5)

  • PORT_MODE_VBUS_ENABLE (6)

  • PORT_MODE_SUPER_SPEED_1_ENABLE (7)

  • PORT_MODE_SUPER_SPEED_2_ENABLE (8)

  • PORT_MODE_USB2_BOOST_ENABLE (9)

  • PORT_MODE_USB3_BOOST_ENABLE (10)

  • PORT_MODE_AUTO_CONNECTION_ENABLE (11)

  • PORT_MODE_CC1_ENABLE (12)

  • PORT_MODE_CC2_ENABLE (13)

  • PORT_MODE_SBU_ENABLE (14)

  • PORT_MODE_CC_FLIP_ENABLE (15)

  • PORT_MODE_SS_FLIP_ENABLE (16)

  • PORT_MODE_SBU_FLIP_ENABLE (17)

  • PORT_MODE_USB2_FLIP_ENABLE (18)

  • PORT_MODE_CC1_INJECT_ENABLE (19)

  • PORT_MODE_CC2_INJECT_ENABLE (20)

  • PORT_SPEED_NA (0)

  • PORT_SPEED_HISPEED (1)

  • PORT_SPEED_SUPERSPEED (2)

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RCServo

class brainstem.stem.RCServo(module, index)[source]

Provides RCServo functionality on certain modules.

This entity is only available on certain modules. The RCServoClass can be used to interpret and control RC Servo signals and motors via the digital pins.

Useful Constants:

  • SERVO_DEFAULT_POSITION (128)

  • SERVO_DEFAULT_MIN (64)

  • SERVO_DEFAULT_MAX (192)

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USB

class brainstem.stem.Relay(module, index)[source]

The RelayClass is the interface to relay entities on BrainStem modules.

Relay entities may be enabled (set) or disabled (cleared low). Other capabilities may be available, please see the product datasheet.

Useful Constants:

  • VALUE_LOW (0)

  • VALUE_HIGH (1)

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